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			<h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading" lang="fr"><span dir="auto">Horloge de Lamport</span></h1>
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					Aller à :					<a href="http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Horloge_de_Lamport#mw-navigation">Navigation</a>, 					<a href="http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Horloge_de_Lamport#p-search">rechercher</a>
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				<div id="mw-content-text" lang="fr" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"><div class="bandeau-section bandeau-niveau-detail general">Article principal&nbsp;: <a href="http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Horloge_logique" title="Horloge logique">horloge logique</a>.</div>
<p>Une <b>horloge de Lamport</b> est un dispositif logiciel introduit en <a href="http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/1978" title="1978">1978</a> par <a href="http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leslie_Lamport" title="Leslie Lamport">Leslie Lamport</a><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Horloge_de_Lamport#cite_note-1"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>1<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup> afin de donner à chaque processus d'un système distribué asynchrone des informations sur la relation de causalité <a href="http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arriv%C3%A9-avant" title="Arrivé-avant">arrivé-avant</a>. C'est le premier type d'<a href="http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Horloge_logique" title="Horloge logique">horloge logique</a> introduit en informatique.</p>
<h2 class="modifiedSectionTitle"> <span class="mw-headline" id="Principe">Principe</span><span class="editsection">[<a href="http://fr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Horloge_de_Lamport&action=edit&section=1" title="Modifier la section : Principe">modifier</a>]</span></h2>
<p>Chaque processus possède un entier appelé <i>estampille</i>. Il est mis à jour selon les règles suivantes&nbsp;:</p>
<ul>
<li>un évènement interne provoque l'incrémentation de l'estampille&nbsp;;</li>
<li>tout message envoyé porte l'estampille courante de l'émetteur&nbsp;;</li>
<li>lors de la réception d'un message, l'estampille prend la valeur <i>1 + max(estampille du message, estampille courante du récepteur)</i>.</li>
</ul>
<p>En conséquence, si deux événements a et b sont tels que a → b (<i>a précède b</i>), alors l'estampille de a est inférieure à celle de b. En revanche, la réciproque est fausse. Les <a href="http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Horloge_vectorielle" title="Horloge vectorielle">horloges vectorielles</a> capturent totalement la relation → au prix d'une occupation de mémoire plus importante.</p>
<p>Les horloges logiques sont utilisées dans de nombreux algorithmes, notamment d'<a href="http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exclusion_mutuelle" title="Exclusion mutuelle">exclusion mutuelle</a> dans le cas de systèmes distribués.</p>
<h2 class="modifiedSectionTitle"> <span class="mw-headline" id="Notes_et_r.C3.A9f.C3.A9rences">Notes et références</span><span class="editsection">[<a href="http://fr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Horloge_de_Lamport&action=edit&section=2" title="Modifier la section : Notes et références">modifier</a>]</span></h2>
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<li id="cite_note-1"><span class="noprint renvois_vers_le_texte"><a href="http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Horloge_de_Lamport#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Lamport1978"><span class="indicateur-langue">(<abbr class="abbr" title="Langue : anglais">en</abbr>)</span> <a href="http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leslie_Lamport" title="Leslie Lamport">Leslie Lamport</a>, «&nbsp;<cite style="font-style:normal;" lang="en" xml:lang="en">Time, Clocks, and the Ordering of Events in a Distributed System</cite>&nbsp;», <i>Communications of the ACM</i>, <abbr class="abbr" title="volume">vol.</abbr>&nbsp;21, <abbr class="abbr" title="numéro">n<sup>o</sup></abbr>&nbsp;7, 1978, <abbr class="abbr" title="page(s)">p.</abbr>&nbsp;558-565 <small>[<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://research.microsoft.com/en-us/um/people/lamport/pubs/time-clocks.pdf">texte intégral</a><small class="cachelinks">&nbsp;[<a href="http://archive.wikiwix.com/cache/?url=http://research.microsoft.com/en-us/um/people/lamport/pubs/time-clocks.pdf&title=texte%20int%C3%A9gral" title="archive de texte intégral">archive</a>]</small> <abbr class="abbr format" style="font-family:monospace; font-weight:bold; font-size: small; font-style:normal;" title="Document au format Portable Document Format (PDF) d&#39;Adobe">[PDF]</abbr>]</small></span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.atitle=&amp;rft.jtitle=&amp;rft.aulast=Lamport&amp;rft.au=Lamport&amp;rfr_id=info:sid/fr.wikipedia.org:Horloge_de_Lamport"><span style="display: none;">&nbsp;</span></span></span></li>
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